The language of RNA: a formal grammar that includes pseudoknots

The language of RNA: a formal grammar that includes pseudoknots

MOTIVATION In a previous paper, we presented a polynomial time dynamic programming algorithm for predicting optimal RNA secondary structure including pseudoknots. However, a formal grammatical representation for RNA secondary structure with pseudoknots was still lacking. RESULTS Here we show a one-to-one correspondence between that algorithm and a formal transformational grammar. This grammar...

The language of RNA : A formal grammar that in ludes pseudoknotsElena Rivas and

The Use of Context-Sensitive Grammar For Modeling RNA Pseudoknots

In this study, a context-sensitive grammar is suggested to model various forms of RNA secondary structures, especially pseudoknots. Comparing with a conventional context-free grammar used to model secondary structures of RNA sequences, the use of context-sensitive grammar gives us an advantage of more natural representation of pseudoknots. The suggested grammar directly reflects the appearance ...

critical period effects in foreign language learning:the influence of maturational state on the acquisition of reading,writing, and grammar in english as a foreign language

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...

the impact of training on second language writing assessment: a case of raters’ biasedness

چکیده هدف اول این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر آموزش مصحح بر آموزش گیرندگان براساس پایایی نمره های آنها در پنج بخش شامل محتوا ، سازمان ، لغت ، زبان و مکانیک بود. هدف دوم این بود که بدانیم آیا تفاوتهای بین آموزشی گیرندگان زن و مرد در پایایی نمرات آنها وجود دارد. برای بررسی این موارد ، ما 90 دانشجو در سطح میانه (متوسط) که از طریق تست تعیین سطح شده بودند انتخاب شدند. بعد از آنها خواستیم که درباره دو موضوع ا...